Lastra di pietra incisa per segnare la presenza di una toba.
Hebrew Naming and How to Read Hebrew Headstones, by the Jewish Genealogical Society of Long Island.
“Reading Hebrew Tombstones.” Jewish Gen: The Global Home for Jewish Genealogy. New York: Museum of Jewish Heritage: A Living Memorial to the Holocaust.
Goberman, David et al. Carved Memories: Heritage in Stone from the Russian Jewish Pale. New York: Rizzoli, 2000.
Klein, Rudolph. Metropolitan Jewish Cemeteries of the 19th and 20th Centuries in Central and East Europe: A Comparative Study. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2018.
Künzl, Hannelore. “Symbolism in the Art of Jewish Gravestones in Europe.” Divrei ha’kongres ha’olami le’mada’ei ha’yahadut. Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies, vol. 9, World Union of Jewish Studies, 1985, pp. 53-58.
Künzl, Hannelore. Jüdische Grabkunst Von Der Antike Bis heute [Jewish Funerary Art from Ancient Times to Today]. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1999.
Malkiel, David. Stones Speak – Hebrew Tombstones from Padua, 1529-1862. Vol. 43, Leiden: Brill, 2013.
Pařík, Arno et al. Pražské židovské hřbitovy [Prague Jewish cemeteries]. Prague: Jewish Museum in Prague, 2008.
Schwartzman, Arnold. Graven Images: Graphic Motifs of the Jewish Gravestone. New York: Abrams, 1993.
Trzciński, Andrzej. Symbole i Obrazy: Treści Symboliczne Przedstawień Na Nagrobkach Żydowskich W Polsce[Symbols and pictures: symbolic content of representations on Jewish tombstones in Poland]. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 1997.
Wiesemann, Falk. Sepulcra Judaica: Bibliographie zu Jüdischen Friedhöfen und zu Sterben, Begräbnis und Trauer bei den Juden von der Zeit des Hellenismus bis zur Gegenwart [Jewish Cemeteries, Death, Burial and Mourning from the Hellenistic Period to the Present: A Bibliography]. Essen: Klartext, 2005.
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